
Resources
Get Informed
The Knowing, Voicelore’s information and resource program, offers clear, trauma-informed, and neurodiversity-affirming answers to common questions about sexual assault, sexual harassment, domestic and dating violence, and stalking. Each section is designed to challenge harmful myths, affirm survivor experiences, and provide accessible, compassionate information. Scroll to the section that best fits your questions or concerns, then select any question you want answered. If your questions span more than one form of harm, you are welcome to explore multiple sections—whatever feels most relevant to your learning, healing, or advocacy. Please note that this content is for general education and support, not legal or medical advice.
Sexual Assault or Harassment
Sexual assault and sexual harassment are forms of sexual harm that happen without someone’s clear, voluntary, and ongoing consent. While laws and policies vary by state or institution, this broader definition is used by many advocacy organizations and trauma support services—including RAINN, WomensLaw.org, and the National Sexual Violence Resource Center.
Sexual assault involves any unwanted sexual contact or behavior. It can include:
Being penetrated without your consent—including any vaginal or anal penetration with a body part or object, or oral sex involving a penis, even if there was no physical resistance. This reflects the U.S. Department of Justice’s definition of rape.
Being touched sexually without your consent, such as on the genitals, breasts, buttocks, or inner thighs—whether over or under clothing.
Being kissed when you did not want to be, especially if pressure, surprise, or intimidation was used to override your boundaries.
Being forced, manipulated, or coerced into touching someone else sexually, including their genitals or other intimate areas.
Experiencing an attempted sexual assault, even if the act was interrupted or stopped before it was completed.
Sexual coercion—when someone uses guilt, fear, blackmail, status, or manipulation (rather than physical force) to pressure someone into sex. If you did not freely want what happened, it was not consensual.
Reproductive coercion or contraceptive sabotage, including:
Pressuring someone to become pregnant or to terminate a pregnancy
Lying about STI status or birth control use
Hiding, withholding, or tampering with birth control
Removing a condom without consent (stealthing)—which is now illegal in several U.S. states
Being exposed to someone’s genitals or masturbation without consent (exhibitionism)
Being secretly photographed, filmed, or watched in a sexual context (voyeurism or nonconsensual recording)
Being “outed” or threatened with exposure of private sexual content (such as images, messages, or identity)
You do not need to meet a legal definition of rape or physical violence for your experience to matter. If something felt violating, unsafe, or deeply uncomfortable, you are allowed to name it—and to seek support.
What if it wasn’t physical—but it still hurt?
You are not alone.
Many people may visit this site because of sexual harassment that caused real harm. These experiences often include:
Repeated or unwanted sexual comments
Inappropriate or invasive questions
Being stared at, followed, or cornered
Receiving sexual messages or photos you didn’t ask for
Persistent attention that makes you feel unsafe, anxious, or intimidated
Threats or retaliation when you try to set boundaries or say no
In schools and workplaces, this kind of harassment may violate Title IX (for students) or Title VII (for workers). It does not need to involve physical contact to be taken seriously. If it impacted your safety, dignity, or peace of mind—it matters.
Your rights at school or work
Under federal civil rights laws, many schools and workplaces are required to maintain environments free from sexual harm:
Title IX applies to most K–12 schools, colleges, and universities that receive federal funding.
Title VII applies to most public and private employers in the United States.
If your school receives federal funds, it likely must investigate sexual assault or harassment and offer supportive measures, whether or not a formal complaint is filed. Private or religious institutions may be exempt—but you may still be protected under state laws or institutional policies.
If the harm occurred at work, Title VII may give you the right to report it, request accommodations, or initiate an internal investigation. These civil reporting options are separate from the criminal legal system. They are meant to help survivors restore safety, not prove a crime.
Many forms of sexual violence are violations under these laws, including:
Repeated or unwelcome sexual comments
Sending or requesting explicit photos or messages
Touching someone without permission—on any part of the body
Blocking someone’s exit, following them, or standing too close
Any sexual behavior that occurs without clear, informed, and ongoing consent
You can report what happened to a Title IX coordinator (in school) or Human Resources (in a workplace). These professionals are responsible for helping you understand your rights, even if you choose not to file a formal complaint.
You do not have to prove it “counts” to get support.
Whether you were assaulted, harassed, coerced, filmed, touched, pressured, ignored, or deeply hurt—you are not alone. Your experience is still real. You are allowed to take up space, ask for support, and choose what happens next.
For more information:
Consent is a clear, informed, and freely given “yes” to participate in any sexual contact or behavior. It must be communicated actively and voluntarily—not assumed or coerced. A person can only give consent if they understand what is happening and agree because they genuinely want to.
Consent should be:
Explicit – clearly communicated through words, gestures, or actions
Informed – based on an understanding of what is being asked
Voluntary – free from pressure, manipulation, or fear
Ongoing – present throughout the interaction and able to be withdrawn at any time
Consent is not present in the following situations:
Force – when someone is physically held down, restrained, or overpowered
Inability to consent – when someone is asleep, unconscious, intoxicated, drugged, or otherwise unable to give a clear and informed “yes”
Coercion – when someone agrees because they fear consequences if they say no. This may include threats of violence, emotional manipulation, financial control, isolation, or repeated pressure
Consent is also not the same as silence or lack of resistance. Someone may:
Freeze during a traumatic or overwhelming moment
Be unable to speak due to fear, neurodivergence, or communication barriers
Feel unsure or confused about what they want
Say “yes” to avoid danger, not because they truly want to participate
Consent can be communicated in many ways—not just through speech. A nonspeaking person may use sign language, AAC devices, picture boards, gestures, writing, or eye movements to express what they do or do not want. Their boundaries are just as real as anyone else’s. If someone cannot access their communication method, or if their attempt to say “no” or “stop” is ignored, consent is not present.
The responsibility is always on the other person to seek active, clear, and ongoing confirmation of consent. If someone hesitates, becomes quiet, freezes, appears distressed, or stops responding, the correct response is to pause and check in—not to keep going. It is never the survivor’s job to stop the abuse. It is the other person’s responsibility to make sure they have unambiguous permission to continue. If that permission is unclear, withdrawn, or no longer enthusiastic, they must stop.
Being in a relationship, having said “yes” in the past, flirting, or not saying “no” does not equal consent. If someone says “stop,” “wait,” or shows hesitation after initially giving consent—and the other person continues—then consent is no longer present.
Consent must be reconfirmed every time and for every act. What someone agrees to once does not mean they agree again. Agreeing to one thing does not mean they consent to something else.
Sexual harassment is a consent issue, too.
Consent does not just apply to physical acts. It also applies to how someone speaks to you, communicates about sex, or invades your sense of safety. If you were repeatedly objectified, propositioned, followed, stared at, or sent sexual messages you did not want, your boundaries were crossed—even if no one touched you.
These kinds of experiences often fall under sexual harassment, especially in schools or workplaces. But outside of legal definitions, what matters is how it made you feel. If you froze, shut down, second-guessed yourself, or felt like you had to put up with it to stay safe—that is not consent.
You deserve support even if no one laid a hand on you. What happened still mattered. Your boundaries are valid. Your body and your peace of mind deserve respect.
To learn more about consent and its role in healthy relationships, visit:
Sexual assault or harassment can happen to anyone—regardless of gender, sexuality, race, disability, religion, income, age, or background. Survivors are students and employees, friends and family members, leaders and learners. They exist in every kind of setting: schools, workplaces, homes, hospitals, correctional facilities, care programs, and public spaces.
Sexual violence is common. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), more than 1 in 3 women and nearly 1 in 4 men in the United States have experienced sexual violence involving physical contact in their lifetimes. The Association of American Universities (AAU) found that 1 in 4 college women, 1 in 15 college men, and nearly 1 in 2 transgender, nonbinary, or gender-nonconforming students experience sexual assault or misconduct during their academic careers.
While anyone can experience sexual harm, some people face higher risk because of systemic injustice, power imbalances, or barriers to protection. These risks are not about individual behavior. They are about unequal access to safety, respect, and support.
Survivors include:
Women and girls, particularly ages 16 to 24, who report the highest rates of sexual violence (CDC NISVS)
LGBTQ+ individuals, especially transgender, nonbinary, and bisexual people, who face higher rates of assault and harassment in both academic and workplace settings (AAU Campus Climate Survey)
People with disabilities, including nonspeaking individuals, AAC users, and those who rely on caregivers—who face significantly higher rates of abuse and often lack access to justice or support (Vera Institute of Justice)
Black, Indigenous, and multiracial people, and others affected by racism, who may be underserved or dismissed when seeking help (CDC NISVS)
People in financially dependent, undocumented, or immigration-insecure situations, who may be threatened with retaliation, legal harm, or deportation if they seek safety
People with past trauma histories, such as survivors of childhood abuse, institutional harm, or intimate partner violence, who may be more vulnerable to revictimization
In school environments, survivors may face harm related to isolation, alcohol, unclear boundaries, or inexperience—especially during their first year of college or training. But sexual harm can occur at any level, including high school, graduate programs, and nontraditional or career-based learning.
In workplaces, survivors may remain silent due to fear of retaliation—especially if the person who harmed them holds power or influence. Sexual harassment and coercion are often normalized or dismissed, even when their emotional and professional impact is serious.
People with disabilities are especially vulnerable. According to the National Sexual Violence Resource Center (NSVRC), individuals with disabilities are more likely to experience sexual violence and less likely to be believed. Those who rely on others for communication, care, or mobility may face abusive control that outsiders do not recognize as violence.
To learn more about survivor demographics and risk factors:
There is no single “right” way to respond to sexual violence. Some survivors speak out immediately. Others wait years—or never tell anyone. Some respond with anger or action. Others go quiet, freeze, or try to move forward silently. Every response is valid.
What happened is never the survivor’s fault. Clothing, behavior, reputation, or past experiences do not cause sexual assault or harassment. Only the person who chose to harm is responsible. Every survivor deserves to be safe, to be believed, and to be treated with care.
Just as sexual assault or harassment can happen to anyone, they can also be committed by anyone. A perpetrator may be someone the survivor trusts, admires, depends on, or barely knows. They can hold any gender identity, age, role, or background—and may be seen by others as successful, friendly, or respected.
That said, most perpetrators are men. According to RAINN, 98% of female survivors and 93% of male survivors report that the person who harmed them was male. These are patterns, not absolutes. They should never be used to stereotype men or erase harm in LGBTQ+ relationships or other gender configurations.
Perpetrators may include:
Acquaintances
These are people the survivor knows—such as coworkers, classmates, professors, mentors, supervisors, neighbors, or friends. In college settings, 80–90% of assaults are committed by someone the survivor knows, according to the U.S. Department of Justice. In workplace settings, many survivors report being harassed or harmed by someone in a position of power or with social influence.
Intimate partners
This includes current or former dating partners and spouses. Over half of acquaintance-based sexual assaults on college campuses are committed by a partner or ex. In relationships, sexual harm is often part of a larger pattern of abuse, such as gaslighting, coercion, stalking, or physical violence. Sexual harassment can also occur within intimate partnerships, especially when boundaries are not respected or safety is undermined.
Strangers
Although less common, some perpetrators are not known to the survivor. These incidents may involve:
Blitz attacks – sudden and often violent assaults in isolated spaces
Contact-based luring – grooming or manipulation to create a false sense of safety
Home invasions – entering a survivor’s home or personal space without consent
Sexual harassment perpetrators
Sexual harassment may be committed by anyone—peers, supervisors, subordinates, customers, clients, or strangers. It can include unwanted sexual comments, repeated advances, inappropriate jokes, gestures, digital messages, or retaliation when a survivor sets boundaries. Perpetrators may claim it was “just a joke,” minimize the harm, or pressure the survivor into silence. These patterns are especially common in academic settings and workplaces.
Common justifications from perpetrators
When confronted, many perpetrators deny what happened or try to shift the blame. Some of the most common excuses include:
Alcohol or drug use
“Mixed signals” or miscommunication
The survivor’s clothing, behavior, or reputation
“It was just flirting” or “I didn’t mean it that way”
Stress, mental health struggles, or past trauma
Neurodivergence or social misunderstanding
Some people commit sexual assault or harassment without fully recognizing that their actions crossed a line. They may have been taught that hesitation means “yes,” that silence is consent, or that sex while drinking is always mutual. Others may cite neurodivergence—such as difficulty interpreting body language or social cues—as an explanation. Still others blame stress, trauma, or emotional dysregulation.
But a lack of understanding does not erase responsibility.
Just as someone can commit digital or emotional abuse without calling it “abuse,” sexual harm can occur even if the person causing it does not name it that way. Intent may vary—but impact does not. Survivors are never to blame.
Having a disability, neurotype, or mental health condition does not make someone abusive. It also does not excuse harm. According to the National Domestic Violence Hotline, personal struggles do not justify violating someone else’s autonomy, safety, or boundaries. Accountability still belongs to the person who caused the harm—whether their actions were calculated, careless, or shaped by ignorance.
Being under the influence does not remove that accountability, either—just as it would not excuse drunk driving or other serious harm. Consent must be clear, informed, and freely given. If someone is too impaired to agree, says “stop,” appears distressed, or withdraws—continuing is a choice. And that choice has consequences.
Sexual assault and harassment are never the result of “confusion” alone. Even if someone misunderstood consent because of poor education, internalized norms, or communication differences, the harm still matters. These are not harmless missteps—they are violations of bodily autonomy. Intent may influence how someone reflects or responds, but it does not change the fact that a line was crossed. Survivors have the right to name that harm and seek support—no matter what explanation is given.
Why This Matters
Survivors are often doubted because the person who harmed them ‘didn’t seem like someone who would do that.’ But harm is defined by behavior—not by how someone appears to others.
In a 2015 study published in Violence and Gender, nearly 1 in 3 college-aged men admitted they might commit sexual assault if they knew they would not face consequences. This highlights the urgent need for accountability, not just education or intent.
Many perpetrators engage in multiple forms of violence: domestic abuse, stalking, harassment, coercion, and assault. These behaviors are connected, and understanding their full scope helps us better support survivors—and disrupt cycles of harm.
Additional Resources
Alcohol and drugs are not neutral background details in cases of sexual harm. They are often used deliberately by perpetrators to make someone more vulnerable, override their ability to consent, or create doubt after the fact. These are acts of power and control, not misunderstandings.
According to the National Sexual Violence Resource Center (NSVRC), alcohol is the substance most commonly linked to sexual assault. The U.S. Department of Justice defines drug-facilitated sexual assault as any unwanted sexual act that occurs when a person is too intoxicated to consent—whether they were drugged without their knowledge, pressured to drink, or voluntarily intoxicated.
Substances are often used in environments where harm is easier to overlook or dismiss, including:
College parties and dorm rooms
Bars, clubs, and music festivals
Staff gatherings, industry events, or workplace meetups
Some perpetrators intentionally:
Drug someone without their knowledge (e.g., with Rohypnol, GHB, ketamine, or spiked drinks)
Encourage or pressure someone to drink or use drugs past their comfort level
Wait until someone is impaired to initiate unwanted sexual contact
Use someone’s intoxicated state to rationalize harassment, coercion, or assault
These actions are not accidents—they are choices.
Even when someone does not fully understand that their behavior is harmful, the impact on the survivor is real. A person’s intentions do not erase the trauma they cause. As WomensLaw.org explains, many states consider any sexual contact with a person who is too intoxicated to consent to be a form of assault—regardless of whether drugs or alcohol were used voluntarily or involuntarily.
Sexual harassment also escalates in substance-fueled environments. Perpetrators may use someone’s intoxication to:
Make repeated sexual comments
Violate personal boundaries
Send or request explicit photos
Coerce someone into sexualized conversations or spaces
Even without physical contact, these actions can cause lasting harm. Both RAINN and the National Women’s Law Center confirm that harassment under the influence is still harassment.
Common questions — and what people need to know
“But you’ve had sex while drunk before—was that all assault?”
That depends on whether you were able to clearly and freely say yes. Some people have had consensual sex while drinking—but that only happens when all parties remain able to understand what is happening, communicate boundaries, and give voluntary agreement. If someone is too impaired to provide clear, informed, and ongoing consent, it is not consensual—regardless of past experiences. RAINN and WomensLaw.org affirm that intoxication often removes the legal capacity to consent.
“What if both people were drunk?”
Intoxication is not automatically mutual just because two people have been drinking. The key issue is whether one person was too impaired to give meaningful consent—and the other person either ignored that or used it to their advantage. According to WomensLaw.org, consent is not valid if a person is incapacitated, even if they never said “no.” Intoxication is never an excuse for crossing another person’s boundaries.
“What if they seemed fine at the time but called it assault later?”
Many survivors do not realize what happened until hours, days, or weeks later—especially if they experienced confusion, memory gaps, or delayed emotional processing. This is a normal trauma response, especially in cases involving drugs or alcohol. Freezing, dissociation, shock, and regret are all documented in studies such as the AAU Campus Climate Survey and the CDC’s National Intimate Partner and Sexual Violence Survey (NISVS). The absence of immediate resistance does not mean there was consent.
A note about intent and accountability
Some people commit sexual assault or harassment without realizing that what they are doing is a violation. They may have been taught that hesitation means “yes,” that silence equals consent, or that intoxicated sex is always mutual. But just like someone who takes a partner’s credit card without realizing it is abuse, not knowing better does not erase the harm. If someone initiates sexual contact without a clear, informed, and voluntary yes, that is not consent—and it is still assault.
We say this not to excuse the behavior, but to challenge the norms and misinformation that lead to it. A lack of education around consent is a societal failure. But the responsibility still belongs to the person who crossed the line.
The bottom line
You are not responsible for someone else’s decision to harm you.
It does not matter whether you were drinking, using drugs, or intoxicated by choice or circumstance. The responsibility always lies with the person who chose to ignore your boundaries, exploit your impairment, or fail to seek active, informed consent.
You deserve support, healing, and to be taken seriously.
To learn more or seek support:
Sexual harm can leave lasting effects—physically, emotionally, socially, and economically. But every survivor is different. While some experience intense trauma symptoms, others may feel numb, confused, or seemingly unaffected. All of these responses are valid. There is no single way to react to being violated.
The effects of sexual harm
According to RAINN, the CDC, and the National Sexual Violence Resource Center, survivors may experience:
Flashbacks or intrusive thoughts
Sleep disturbances, including nightmares or insomnia
Hypervigilance or heightened startle responses
Depression, anxiety, or panic attacks
Shame, guilt, or self-blame
Body-based symptoms, such as pain, gastrointestinal issues, or chronic fatigue
Dissociation—feeling disconnected from one’s body or surroundings
Substance use as a way of coping
Disordered eating or appetite changes
Self-injury or suicidal thoughts
Pregnancy or sexually transmitted infections resulting from the assault
These are common trauma responses—not signs of weakness or exaggeration.
College and work-related impacts
Sexual violence can seriously affect a survivor’s ability to function in school or at work. According to the AAU Campus Climate Survey, many college students who experience sexual harm develop PTSD, depression, or substance use challenges, which can lead to:
Academic withdrawal or failure
Loss of scholarships
Delays in graduation or dropping out entirely
When schools lack trauma-informed mental health support, the risk of these outcomes increases.
In the workplace, survivors may:
Avoid shifts, meetings, or events
Transfer departments or leave jobs entirely
Be pushed out through poor evaluations or retaliation after disclosing what happened
These impacts are often overlooked, especially when the harm is minimized as “just a joke” or “not that bad.”
Harassment can be traumatizing too
Even when no physical contact occurs, sexual harassment can cause deep psychological distress. According to RAINN and the National Women’s Law Center, repeated comments, coercive messages, or boundary violations can lead to:
Chronic stress
Social withdrawal
Loss of trust or emotional safety
Fear of retaliation or disbelief
The harm is real—even when others downplay it.
Reactions others find confusing
Some survivors:
Speak in a flat tone, dissociate, or laugh nervously
Change their story or remember events out of order
Stay in contact with the person who harmed them
Question whether what happened “counts” as harm
These behaviors are not red flags of dishonesty. They are common trauma responses, especially when survivors are navigating shock, coercion, or delayed realization.
NSVRC notes that false reports of sexual assault are rare—just 2–10%, consistent with the rate for other crimes. (NSVRC: False Reporting)
Understanding trauma and neurodivergence
Some survivors are already aware they are neurodivergent before experiencing sexual violence. For others, trauma brings lifelong patterns into sharper focus—such as sensory sensitivity, executive dysfunction, or nonlinear communication—that may lead to a new understanding of their neurotype.
Still others experience lasting changes after the harm, such as PTSD, dissociation, or hypervigilance. These responses may become a form of acquired neurodivergence—not because the survivor was born neurodivergent, but because their nervous system adapted in order to survive. These changes are just as real, and they deserve the same care and respect.
At the same time, some survivors do not experience trauma-related shifts or identify as neurodivergent at all. That does not make their story any less real. What matters is that every survivor is supported based on what they do experience—not what someone else expects them to.
Some examples of how these experiences may overlap—but come from different places:
Sensory overload may be part of autism, ADHD, or another lifelong neurotype. Trauma can heighten these responses—especially if certain sensations are tied to the harm—but rarely causes brand-new sensory sensitivities unless directly connected to the event.
Delayed speech, flat tone, repetition, or scripting may reflect neurodivergent communication styles—but can also result from dissociation, shutdown, or emotional overload. These patterns often emerge when someone is trying to regulate or make sense of what happened.
Difficulty concentrating after trauma is often linked to hypervigilance—the brain staying on high alert for danger. In ADHD, attention challenges stem from different neurological wiring. Both can happen at once. Both are real. Both deserve support.
When care is not both trauma-informed and neurodiversity-affirming, survivors may be misdiagnosed, dismissed, or retraumatized—especially if their experiences do not fit someone else’s model of healing. Whether someone is navigating a lifelong neurotype, trauma-related adaptations, or both, they deserve support that honors who they are and how they process.
Every survivor deserves care that respects their sensory needs, communication style, and emotional reality—without trying to force them into a recovery model that does not fit.
Every survivor's story matters
Some heal quickly.
Others carry pain for years.
Some go to therapy.
Others create music, write, pray, or find healing in quiet ways.
Some never report.
Others are not sure what happened or how to talk about it.
If something harmed your safety, peace, or sense of self—it matters. You do not need to prove it, relive it, or explain it perfectly to deserve support.
There is no timeline for healing, no correct reaction, and no wrong survivor.
What support can look like
At Voicelore, we offer free, music-based programs for survivors (ages 18 and up) of sexual violence, including The Reclaiming, a yearlong peer support experience for those who want to explore expression through singing, songwriting, piano, or music production. Participants will never be required to perform or share unless they want to. All activities will be trauma-informed, neurodiversity-affirming, and adapted to support a wide range of communication needs.
For survivors not ready to join a full program, The Murmuring offers a softer space—where community events, informal check-ins, and creative gatherings can help reduce isolation and rebuild trust. Whether you are ready to reclaim your voice or simply need a place to be heard, we will meet you where you are. Your voice matters—and however you choose to use it, you are welcome there.
Sources for further reading:
In the United States, most people who commit sexual harm—whether through assault, harassment, coercion, or boundary violations—face few or no consequences. While some survivors pursue justice through school, workplace, or legal channels, many choose not to report at all. This is not because the harm was minor. It is often because the process is confusing, retraumatizing, or unsafe.
According to RAINN, out of every 1,000 sexual assaults, only:
344 are reported to police
50 lead to an arrest
28 are referred for prosecution
25 result in a felony conviction
And only 19 perpetrators are incarcerated
This means that over 98% of perpetrators walk free, even in reported cases.
At colleges and universities, institutional responses are also deeply inadequate. In a national review, nearly half of colleges reported zero investigations of sexual assault over a five-year period (RAINN). Even when cases are investigated, perpetrators are only expelled less than a third of the time (AAU Campus Climate Survey).
In the workplace, many employers fail to intervene when sexual harassment or assault is reported—especially if the perpetrator holds power or is viewed as “too valuable.” Fear of retaliation keeps many survivors silent, especially those who are neurodivergent, LGBTQ+, disabled, or in precarious financial or immigration situations. According to the National Women’s Law Center, many survivors who do report lose their jobs or face punishment instead of the person who harmed them.
Why so little accountability?
There are many reasons why perpetrators often avoid consequences. One is the impact of trauma itself: many survivors struggle with memory fragmentation, dissociation, or communication challenges—especially those who are neurodivergent or disabled. These trauma responses are frequently misunderstood, dismissed, or used to cast doubt on the survivor’s credibility.
Meanwhile, some police officers and prosecutors do not understand how sexual harm works, especially when coercion, intoxication, or non-stranger dynamics are involved. In some places, survivors have even been arrested or threatened with arrest for “false reporting” despite clear signs of trauma (EVAWI).
Even when cases make it to court, survivors often face invasive questions about their sexual history, mental health, communication style, or behavior—while perpetrators benefit from myths like “mixed signals,” “confusion,” or “just a joke.”
But what about intent?
Some perpetrators know exactly what they are doing. They use substances, social power, manipulation, or grooming to override consent and protect themselves from accountability. Others may not fully understand that what they did was harmful—especially if they were never taught that consent requires a clear, informed, and enthusiastic yes.
But misunderstanding does not make it okay.
Sexual harm is not just a “mistake”—it is a violation of bodily autonomy.
Whether someone acted with intent or ignorance, they still caused harm. Survivors deserve to name what happened, access support, and live without fear. Accountability is not about cruelty. It is about protecting others, supporting survivors, and stopping cycles of abuse.
Sexual harassment must be taken just as seriously
Sexual harassment is a form of sexual harm. It includes:
Unwanted sexual comments or jokes
Digital harassment or coercive messages
Repeated advances after being told “no”
Exposure, groping, or non-consensual images
Professional retaliation for setting boundaries
These acts can cause long-term harm to a survivor’s emotional safety, career, education, or mental health. Harassment may not always involve physical contact—but it still causes pain, fear, and trauma. It deserves the same urgency and care as any other form of sexual violence.
Why it matters
When institutions protect perpetrators—by minimizing harm, prioritizing reputation, or encouraging silence—they make survivors feel expendable. They also create environments where harm can continue.
According to a study in the Journal of Interpersonal Violence, repeat perpetrators are responsible for the majority of campus assaults, with one analysis estimating that 63% of rapes were committed by serial offenders (Lisak & Miller). This is not just about justice—it is about safety.
What we believe
Sexual violence is not just a “bad decision” or moment of confusion. It is a violation of autonomy, dignity, and safety. Whether it is committed with full awareness or through harmful beliefs and poor understanding of consent, the harm is real—and survivors deserve safety, support, and justice.
At Voicelore, we believe that accountability and education must go hand in hand. Systems that protect perpetrators must be transformed, not just reformed. And prevention cannot begin only after harm has already occurred.
That is why our advocacy branch, The Resounding, will raise awareness and drive cultural change through music—especially in the music industry, schools, and public media. This work will be shaped by both survivors and allies. Together, we will challenge the conditions that allow abuse to continue—and create new ways of speaking, listening, and responding.
The Resounding will include:
Music releases that name harm, reclaim power, and offer healing truths
Tours and showcases that center survivor artistry and collective expression
Soundtracks for action—licensed for use in survivor-led films, PSAs, podcasts, or stage works
K–12 presentations that use music to explore boundaries, self-worth, and healthy relationships
College outreach that blends music and dialogue to support student survivors and challenge institutional silence
Songs that mobilize—written to power movements, petitions, and protests
These efforts will be paired with funding for prevention-focused music education. Through our partnership with Once Upon a Voice—an online studio that teaches singing, songwriting, piano, and music production through a trauma-informed, neurodiversity-affirming lens—Voicelore will support student projects and scholarships that help young people build the confidence, language, and creativity to express themselves and respect others.
Accountability does not require cruelty. But it does require clarity, action, and change.
Survivors deserve justice. Communities deserve tools. And people deserve to grow up knowing what care, respect, and consent truly look like.
Sources for further reading:
Domestic or Dating Violence
Domestic and dating violence are patterns of abusive behavior used to gain power and control in an intimate relationship. This abuse can happen between people of any gender, in any kind of relationship—casual, committed, or complicated. It can affect people who live together or apart, who are still in a relationship or trying to leave one.
These patterns may include emotional harm, sexual violence, stalking, physical intimidation, financial control, or digital abuse. Each of these can be serious and damaging on its own. You do not have to be hit or injured for what happened to be abuse.
According to the Office on Violence Against Women, domestic violence includes “a pattern of abusive behavior in any relationship that is used by one partner to gain or maintain power and control over another partner.” When this happens in a dating relationship, it may also be called dating violence.
Abuse is not limited to romantic partners. It can occur in close caregiving arrangements, casual dating, or long-distance relationships. It can affect anyone—regardless of age, gender, disability, or setting.
Forms of domestic and dating violence
These experiences may occur alone or in combination. All are serious:
Physical violence: Hitting, slapping, choking, grabbing, or restraining someone. It can also include slamming doors, throwing objects, blocking exits, driving recklessly to intimidate, or using body language to threaten.
Sexual assault or harassment: Pressuring, coercing, or forcing someone into unwanted sexual contact. This includes non-consensual touching, groping, rape, or repeated sexual attention. Consent must be clear, enthusiastic, and ongoing—even in a relationship.
Emotional abuse: Verbal insults, put-downs, gaslighting, name-calling, controlling where someone goes or who they see, and blaming the survivor for everything that goes wrong.
Digital abuse: Using technology to stalk, control, or intimidate. This includes reading private messages, demanding passwords, threatening over text, or using location-tracking apps without consent.
Financial abuse: Controlling money, sabotaging employment, stealing credit, or making a partner financially dependent and unable to leave.
Stalking: Repeated, unwanted contact or surveillance that causes fear. This may include showing up uninvited, leaving gifts, monitoring social media, or using tracking devices.
These behaviors are not always loud or violent. Abuse can build slowly. Many survivors are worn down over time through manipulation, fear, or isolation.
Abuse can happen at school, at work, or at home
Abuse does not stop at the front door—it follows people into classrooms, jobs, and public life.
In schools, survivors may experience:
Isolation from friends or professors
Being stalked on campus
Academic sabotage or pressure to skip class
Abuse that escalates during school breaks or transitions
In workplaces, abuse may include:
Threats that follow someone to work
Harassment from a partner who shows up uninvited
Financial abuse that affects someone’s ability to get or keep a job
Manipulation or retaliation if the abuser is also a coworker or supervisor
Survivors in both settings often feel afraid to speak up—especially if the person harming them is respected, persuasive, or in a position of power.
Under Title IX (in federally funded schools) and Title VII (in most U.S. workplaces), survivors may have the right to report abuse, request accommodations, or seek protective action.
Learn more:
Dating and domestic violence are widespread—and connected to other forms of harm
According to the CDC, nearly 1 in 3 women and 1 in 4 men in the U.S. experience some form of intimate partner violence. Rates are even higher among LGBTQ+ people and people with disabilities.
Among college students, reports in the National Library of Medicine confirm:
Nearly half of students in dating relationships experience abuse (Bloom, et. al)
1 in 6 college women experiences sexual assault from a dating partner (Wong, et. al)
Abuse often overlaps with other issues, including sexual assault, harassment, and stalking. Understanding these patterns helps us create stronger safety plans and better support systems.
You deserve safety—even if the abuse does not “look like” what others expect
Abuse is not always loud, obvious, or documented. You do not need to be injured or leave your relationship to deserve help. If someone is hurting, scaring, or controlling you—you are allowed to take it seriously.
Whether the abuse is emotional, physical, financial, digital, or something else—you deserve support.
Helpful resources:
Love Is Respect – 24/7 education and support for teens and young adults (up to age 24) navigating dating or domestic abuse
National Domestic Violence Hotline – 24/7 support for adults of all ages experiencing domestic or dating abuse, including safety planning and referrals
WomensLaw.org – Legal information and confidential help tailored to your state and situation
Workplaces Respond – Guidance and support for workers dealing with harassment or abuse at work
Domestic and dating violence can affect anyone—regardless of gender, sexuality, race, age, disability, religion, immigration status, or income. Survivors include students and teachers, employees and supervisors, caregivers and clients. Abuse happens in private homes, on college campuses, in dorms and classrooms, in hospitals and workplaces, in long-term partnerships and new relationships alike.
According to the CDC’s National Intimate Partner and Sexual Violence Survey (NISVS), over 1 in 3 women (36.4%) and more than 1 in 3 men (33.6%) in the United States have experienced rape, physical violence, or stalking by an intimate partner in their lifetime (CDC NISVS, 2022). Among college students, nearly half of all women in dating relationships report experiencing controlling behaviors, and 1 in 3 college students report having been in an abusive relationship (Women Helping Women).
While anyone can experience abuse, some people face a higher risk because of societal power imbalances, systemic oppression, or unmet access needs. These risk factors do not reflect anything wrong with the survivor—they reflect how society fails to protect everyone equally.
Survivors may include:
Young adults, especially those ages 18 to 24, who experience the highest rates of intimate partner violence in the U.S. Many in this age group are navigating new freedoms or living away from home for the first time—facing unfamiliar social dynamics, pressure to conform, or limited access to support systems (CDC NISVS).
LGBTQ+ people, particularly transgender, nonbinary, bisexual, and gender-nonconforming individuals, who are more likely to be targeted due to bias and more likely to be isolated from services due to discrimination or family rejection. Over 40% of LGBTQ+ people report experiencing intimate partner violence, and the rates are even higher for transgender people and bisexual women (Human Rights Campaign).
People with disabilities, including nonspeaking survivors, AAC users, and those who rely on others for daily support. According to the CDC, nearly 1 in 4 women with disabilities experience severe intimate partner violence. These individuals are often dependent on caregivers or partners for communication access, transportation, or healthcare—giving abusers opportunities for control that go unnoticed.
People of color, especially Black, Indigenous, and multiracial individuals, who often face racism and cultural bias when seeking help. For example, 45% of Black women experience intimate partner violence in their lifetime, compared to 37% of white women (CDC NISVS). Some avoid calling police or accessing mainstream services due to fears of profiling, dismissal, or community backlash.
People who are undocumented, navigating immigration systems, or financially dependent on a partner, who may be threatened with deportation, economic harm, or custody loss if they try to leave.
People with past experiences of abuse, such as child sexual abuse, spiritual abuse, or institutional harm. These survivors may be targeted because they have fewer boundaries, limited trust in systems, or a heightened desire to please or avoid conflict.
In school environments, survivors often face abuse from someone in their same program, class, dorm, or social circle. Many feel pressured to maintain silence due to shared connections or fear of gossip, retaliation, or being disbelieved. First-year students may be especially vulnerable because of inexperience with alcohol, blurred power dynamics, and limited peer support.
In workplace settings, power imbalances and fear of retaliation can trap survivors in silence. An abusive partner might work in the same building or have access to professional or academic spaces the survivor needs to succeed. In some cases, they may even hold a position of authority over the survivor—such as a supervisor, professor, administrator, or manager.
Survivors with disabilities often face unique barriers. Abusers may restrict their use of communication devices, withhold medication, sabotage accommodations, or weaponize caregiving responsibilities. These patterns of control may not look like typical “abuse” to outsiders—but they are just as harmful and dangerous.
Children may also be deeply affected, even when the abuse is not directed at them. They may witness verbal fights, threats, or violence; be used as tools of manipulation; or experience emotional harm from the instability. Whether or not children are directly abused, growing up in a violent or controlling household can have long-lasting effects on their safety, trust, and well-being (CDC NISVS).
Abuse is not always visible or physical. Many survivors experience psychological, digital, or financial control without ever being hit. Others are isolated, gaslit, or manipulated into staying. Some feel love, loyalty, or compassion toward the person who hurt them. Others are still trying to understand what happened. These are all real and valid responses.
If you are currently in an abusive relationship, recently left one, or are still piecing together what happened—you are not alone. You do not need to have left, reported, or defined it clearly to deserve support. You matter, and your story matters.
To learn more about survivor demographics and risk factors:
Abusers are not always obvious. They are not always angry, cruel, or visibly controlling. Some are charming, well-liked, generous, or admired by others. They may be high achievers, community leaders, students, teachers, or caregivers. They might be someone the survivor loved, trusted, or built a life with.
Many people believe abuse only happens in relationships that are always tense or dangerous. But the reality is more complicated. A person can be abusive and still act kind, apologetic, or even affectionate. They may express love or grief, share memories, or say they want to change. This does not excuse what they have done—and it does not mean survivors are imagining the harm.
Some survivors stay because they see the good in the person who hurt them. That does not make them weak. It makes them human.
We are not encouraging anyone to stay in a harmful situation. Safety should always come first. At the same time, it is important to acknowledge that many survivors wrestle with complicated feelings, and those feelings deserve to be met with compassion—not shame.
Abusers can be anyone. They may be current or former partners. They may be people the survivor dated, lived with, or shared commitments with. They may be roommates, co-parents, caregivers, or others with intimate access to daily life.
Some abusers work or study in the same environment as the survivor. Others hold positions of power or authority, such as supervisors, professors, religious leaders, or community organizers. Their reputations can make it harder for survivors to come forward—especially if others see them as kind, helpful, or incapable of harm.
Not all abuse is calculated—but it is still a choice. Some abusers are fully aware of what they are doing. Others do not see themselves as abusive, but their actions still cause harm. Having good intentions does not undo damage. Being a “good person” in public does not erase private control or cruelty.
People who cause harm may blame:
Alcohol, drugs, or stress
Mental health struggles, past trauma, or neurodivergence
“Miscommunication” or “overreactions”
The survivor’s behavior, clothing, or identity
These are excuses—not explanations. According to The National Domestic Violence Hotline, anger, addiction, or trauma may affect someone’s behavior—but they do not justify hurting others. If you were harmed, it is not your fault.
The power and control wheel
Some abusers use ongoing strategies to maintain dominance in a relationship. These patterns are depicted by the Power and Control Wheel, developed by the Domestic Abuse Intervention Project and shared by organizations like Love Is Respect. Instead of following a clear cycle, the wheel illustrates how different forms of abuse—such as emotional manipulation, isolation, intimidation, minimizing, gaslighting, and financial control—can overlap and reinforce one another. Physical or sexual violence may be present, but even when it is not, power and control remain at the center of the behavior.
These tactics can make it hard to leave. Survivors may feel guilt, hope, fear, or even relief. They may stay, not because they are weak, but because abuse is designed to confuse, isolate, and wear down a person’s sense of self and safety.
Outside romantic partnerships
Roommates, family members, and others who live together can still be perpetrators of domestic violence. In many states, cohabitation is enough for the abuse to fall under domestic violence statutes, even if the relationship is not intimate. Survivors in these situations still have the right to protection and support.
To learn more about abuser behavior and patterns:
Leaving an abusive relationship is not always simple or safe. Survivors stay for many reasons—often because they are trying to protect themselves, their children, or their stability. Abuse is about control, and that control can make it incredibly hard to leave.
Some reasons people stay include:
Fear of harm – Leaving can escalate the danger. Many survivors are threatened with violence, stalking, or retaliation if they try to leave.
Financial dependence – Some survivors do not have access to money, housing, transportation, or employment. Others fear losing health insurance or immigration status.
Isolation – Abusers often cut survivors off from friends, family, or coworkers, making it harder to seek help or imagine a life outside the relationship.
Children or caregiving – Survivors may worry about custody, safety, or how leaving will impact their children or dependents. Some fear being reported to child protective services or losing parental rights.
Disability or access needs – Survivors who rely on their partner for physical care, communication support, or daily tasks may face additional risks or barriers.
Love, hope, or shared history – Some survivors still love the person who hurt them, believe the abuse will stop, or feel tied to shared memories, goals, or trauma bonding.
Shame or guilt – Survivors may feel embarrassed, blame themselves, or be told it is their fault. Cultural or religious stigma can also play a role.
Fear of not being believed – Survivors who are disabled, neurodivergent, LGBTQ+, undocumented, or part of a marginalized community may worry that others will minimize their experience or side with the abuser.
Lack of support – Not everyone has a safe place to go, someone to stay with, or access to a shelter. Systemic failures and past experiences with institutions may also make survivors hesitant to seek help.
Staying does not mean a survivor is weak, passive, or unaware. It means they are surviving in the way that feels safest or most possible at that time.
No one deserves abuse. And no one should be judged for how they cope with it.
To explore safety planning, legal options, or emotional support, you can reach out to:
Domestic and dating violence can leave lasting effects—physically, emotionally, socially, and economically. But every survivor’s experience is different. Some feel intense distress. Others go numb, shut down, or appear unaffected. Whether you were in a long-term relationship or harmed by someone you briefly dated, your response is valid. There is no single way to respond to being hurt by someone you trusted.
The effects of domestic and dating violence
According to the CDC, National Domestic Violence Hotline, and RAINN, survivors may experience:
Flashbacks or intrusive thoughts
Sleep disturbances, including nightmares or insomnia
Hypervigilance, fear responses, or difficulty relaxing
Depression, anxiety, or panic attacks
Shame, guilt, or self-blame
Body-based symptoms such as pain, headaches, gastrointestinal issues, or fatigue
Dissociation—feeling detached from one’s body or surroundings
Substance use to numb or cope with the pain
Disordered eating or changes in appetite
Self-harm or suicidal thoughts
Reproductive coercion—such as sabotaging birth control, pressuring pregnancy, or removing protection without consent—as well as unplanned pregnancy or STIs if sexual abuse is involved.
These are possible trauma responses—not signs of weakness or exaggeration. Some survivors experience many of them. Others experience few or none.
Impacts on daily life, school, and work
Survivors may struggle to concentrate, stay organized, or feel safe in everyday environments. In schools and colleges, this can lead to:
Missed classes
Academic withdrawal or failure
Loss of scholarships or delayed graduation
In the workplace, survivors may:
Avoid shifts, meetings, or certain locations
Transfer departments or leave jobs entirely
Be pushed out through retaliation, gossip, or poor evaluations
These impacts are often overlooked—especially when the harm is minimized or hidden behind public appearances.
Effects on children
Children may also be deeply affected by domestic violence, even if the abuse is not directed at them. According to the National Child Traumatic Stress Network, children who witness violence in the home may:
Show fear, withdrawal, or aggression
Struggle with concentration, school performance, or social connection
Experience sleep disturbances, emotional distress, or physical symptoms
Feel guilt, responsibility, or confusion about what is happening
Young people may be used as tools of control—such as being threatened, turned against the other parent, or drawn into harmful dynamics. Even babies and toddlers are affected by tension, yelling, and fear in the home.
Some survivors worry about custody, divorce, or child protection, especially if their partner threatens to take the children or claims the survivor is unstable. While laws vary, it is important to know that courts are supposed to prioritize the child’s best interest—including their safety. Survivors can seek legal guidance from WomensLaw.org or speak with an advocate through the National Domestic Violence Hotline to better understand their rights.
Reactions others find confusing
Some survivors:
Stay in contact with the person who harmed them
Talk about what happened with a flat tone or nervous laughter
Change their story or remember events out of order
Minimize or question whether it “counts” as abuse
These reactions are normal. Trauma affects memory, speech, and emotional processing. Many survivors experience “fawning”—a survival response where someone tries to stay safe by appeasing or connecting with the abuser. According to Love Is Respect and the National Domestic Violence Hotline, abuse often includes moments of affection and remorse that make it harder to leave.
Understanding trauma and neurodivergence
Some survivors are already aware they are neurodivergent before experiencing domestic or dating violence. For others, trauma brings lifelong patterns into sharper focus—such as sensory sensitivity, executive dysfunction, or nonlinear communication—that may lead to a new understanding of their neurotype.
Still others experience lasting changes after the harm, such as PTSD, dissociation, or hypervigilance. These responses may become a form of acquired neurodivergence—not because the survivor was born neurodivergent, but because their nervous system adapted in order to survive. These changes are just as real, and they deserve the same care and respect.
At the same time, some survivors do not experience trauma-related shifts or identify as neurodivergent at all. That does not make their story any less real. What matters is that every survivor is supported based on what they do experience—not what someone else expects them to.
Some examples of how these experiences may overlap—but come from different places:
Sensory overload may be part of autism, ADHD, or another lifelong neurotype. Trauma can heighten these responses—especially if certain sensations are tied to the harm—but rarely causes brand-new sensory sensitivities unless directly connected to the event.
Delayed speech, flat tone, repetition, or scripting may reflect neurodivergent communication styles—but can also result from dissociation, shutdown, or emotional overload. These patterns often emerge when someone is trying to regulate or make sense of what happened.
Difficulty concentrating after trauma is often linked to hypervigilance—the brain staying on high alert for danger. In ADHD, attention challenges stem from different neurological wiring. Both can happen at once. Both are real. Both deserve support.
When care is not both trauma-informed and neurodiversity-affirming, survivors may be misdiagnosed, dismissed, or retraumatized—especially if their experiences do not fit someone else’s model of healing. Whether someone is navigating a lifelong neurotype, trauma-related adaptations, or both, they deserve support that honors who they are and how they process.
Every survivor deserves care that respects their sensory needs, communication style, and emotional reality—without trying to force them into a recovery model that does not fit.
Every survivor’s story matters
Some heal quickly.
Others carry pain for years.
Some go to therapy.
Others write, pray, create, or connect with nature.
Some never report.
Others are not sure how to describe what happened.
If something harmed your safety, peace, or sense of self—it matters.
You do not need to prove it, relive it, or explain it perfectly to deserve support.
There is no right way to heal. No wrong survivor. No expiration date on your truth.
Music-based support at Voicelore
At Voicelore, we offer free, music-based programs for survivors (ages 18 and up) of domestic and dating violence. Our yearlong support program, The Reclaiming, invites survivors to explore healing through singing, songwriting, piano, or music production. No musical experience will be required. The program is designed to be trauma-informed, neurodiversity-affirming, and adaptable for survivors with a wide range of sensory, communication, and access needs.
For those who are not ready for a full program or want to ease in more gently, The Murmuring offers informal connection through creative gatherings, drop-in events, and community support. Whether you are rebuilding your sense of self, grieving what you endured, or simply searching for safe community—you are welcome there. And whether you heal through music, movement, stillness, or connection, your voice belongs in that space.
Sources for further reading:
Many perpetrators of domestic or dating violence never face legal or institutional consequences. Survivors may be disbelieved, blamed, or pressured to stay silent. Meanwhile, the people who harmed them often continue their lives with little interruption—sometimes harming others in the process.
According to the CDC, 1 in 4 women and 1 in 10 men report experiencing physical violence, sexual violence, or stalking by an intimate partner. But most cases are never prosecuted. According to the National Domestic Violence Hotline, survivors face immense barriers to reporting—ranging from fear of retaliation or custody loss, to emotional attachment, financial dependence, or lack of access to safe housing.
When survivors do report, they are often met with disbelief or inaction. Police may dismiss the violence as “a personal matter,” and prosecutors may decline to file charges due to “insufficient evidence” or concern about how a jury might respond to the survivor’s behavior. Survivors of color, disabled survivors, and those in LGBTQ+ relationships are especially likely to be ignored, criminalized, or retraumatized.
In schools and workplaces, many perpetrators continue participating in programs or holding their jobs even after multiple reports. According to a 2019 AAU Campus Climate Survey, more than half of undergraduate students who experience dating violence or stalking never report it to school officials. And even when they do, most institutions choose restorative approaches—or no action at all—especially when the perpetrator is well-liked, influential, or positioned as a “leader.”
Some people cause harm without recognizing their behavior as abusive. They may have grown up around control, threats, or violence and never learned what a healthy relationship looks like. Others may justify their actions as “normal” or claim they were acting out of stress, insecurity, or love. But lack of awareness does not erase responsibility. That is why prevention must include education and culture change, not just punishment. People need to learn what respect, autonomy, and emotional safety truly mean—long before they are in a position to hurt someone else.
What we believe
Abuse is never harmless. Whether it is deliberate, normalized, or misunderstood, it causes real harm that survivors carry in their bodies, minds, relationships, and futures.
Some people who cause harm do not recognize it as abuse—especially if they were never taught what healthy relationships look like. But intention does not erase impact. Survivors deserve safety, and people who use control or violence must be held accountable, regardless of what they believed at the time.
At Voicelore, we believe the systems that excuse or ignore abuse must be changed. We also believe that true prevention means teaching people how to connect without controlling, how to care without overpowering, and how to disagree without causing fear.
That is why our advocacy branch, The Resounding, will raise awareness and drive cultural change through music—especially in the music industry, schools, and public media. This work will be shaped by both survivors and allies. Together, we will challenge the conditions that allow abuse to continue—and create new ways of speaking, listening, and responding.
The Resounding will include:
Music releases that name harm, reclaim power, and offer healing truths
Tours and showcases that center survivor artistry and collective expression
Soundtracks for action—licensed for use in survivor-led films, PSAs, podcasts, or stage works
K–12 presentations that use music to explore boundaries, self-worth, and healthy relationships
College outreach that blends music and dialogue to support student survivors and challenge institutional silence
Songs that mobilize—written to power movements, petitions, and protests
These efforts will be paired with funding for prevention-focused music education. Through our partnership with Once Upon a Voice—an online studio that teaches singing, songwriting, piano, and music production through a trauma-informed, neurodiversity-affirming lens—Voicelore will support student projects and scholarships that help young people build the confidence, language, and creativity to express themselves and respect others.
Repair is possible, but only if we stop minimizing harm.
Survivors deserve protection. Communities deserve better. And future generations deserve to know that love and violence are not the same.
Stalking
Stalking is a pattern of behavior that causes fear, distress, or emotional harm. The U.S. Department of Justice defines it as “a course of conduct directed at a specific person that would cause a reasonable person to fear for their safety or the safety of others, or suffer substantial emotional distress” (DOJ).
But definitions alone do not capture what it feels like.
Stalking may involve unwanted messages, surprise visits, being followed, tracked, monitored, or threatened. It can also include indirect behaviors—like sending gifts after being asked not to, using others to contact someone, or using technology to watch or harass from a distance. These actions may start subtly and intensify over time.
The experience of being stalked often leaves people feeling unsafe in their own homes, schools, or workplaces. It can disrupt daily routines, sleep, health, and peace of mind. Some survivors change their phone numbers, stop posting online, transfer schools, or relocate entirely—just to try and regain a sense of safety.
Stalking often overlaps with other forms of harm
Stalking is not limited to isolated incidents. It can occur alongside emotional, physical, sexual, or digital abuse—and often continues after a relationship ends or after another boundary has been violated. In some cases, stalking is used to precede an assault. In others, it is a way for a person to maintain control after the survivor has tried to disengage.
According to research, about 1 in 3 women who are stalked by an intimate partner also report being sexually assaulted by that same partner. On college campuses, 13% of women are stalked each year, and 10% of those cases lead to sexual assault (SPARC).
Stalking also occurs in the workplace, where it can involve unwanted visits to someone’s job, excessive contact through work channels, surveillance of daily routines, or threats made under the guise of professional interaction. According to the Stalking Prevention, Awareness, and Resource Center, 1 in 8 employed stalking victims lose work because of the abuse—and many more experience fear, stress, or professional retaliation. In some cases, the person causing harm is a colleague, supervisor, or even a client—making it harder to avoid them or feel protected.
This does not mean stalking always leads to assault—but it does mean the fear many survivors feel is deeply valid. Stalking is not about misunderstanding. It is about a repeated disregard for someone’s boundaries, safety, or autonomy.
Neurodivergent and trauma-informed context
Some people minimize stalking or confuse it with awkwardness, social ineptitude, or “mixed signals.” But persistent unwanted contact is not a communication issue—it is a violation.
Neurodivergent people, including those with autism, ADHD, or PTSD, may experience or interpret stalking differently. They might struggle to identify red flags, communicate their discomfort, or be believed if their reactions fall outside neurotypical expectations. Others may feel overwhelmed by sensory triggers, emotional exhaustion, or executive dysfunction in the aftermath.
This does not make their experiences less real. In fact, it can make them even more vulnerable to ongoing harm if their distress is overlooked or misunderstood.
Stalking is a serious form of violence. Whether it is subtle or severe, brief or ongoing—it matters. You do not need to be physically harmed for what happened to be valid. If someone’s behavior made you feel unsafe, watched, followed, or afraid, you are allowed to name that experience. You are allowed to seek support.
For more information:
Stalking can happen to anyone—but it does not affect everyone equally. Each year, more than 6 million people in the United States experience stalking. Some are targeted by strangers. Many are followed, monitored, or harassed by someone they know—like a classmate, coworker, neighbor, or ex. What they have in common is that someone decided to repeatedly cross their boundaries and create fear, distress, or disruption in their lives.
While the public often imagines stalking as rare or sensationalized, the reality is far more common—and far more nuanced. Survivors come from all backgrounds, identities, and life stages. Their experiences are valid even if others minimize them, and even if the law does not name what happened in the same way they do.
Stalking is gendered—but not limited by gender
According to the CDC’s National Intimate Partner and Sexual Violence Survey, 1 in 6 women and 1 in 17 men in the U.S. have experienced stalking that made them fear for their safety or the safety of someone close to them. Many survivors were stalked by someone they dated or lived with—but stalking can also happen in friendships, work settings, or online spaces.
Racial disparities in stalking
The same report found that stalking rates are even higher for Native and multiracial women:
30.6% of American Indian/Alaska Native women report being stalked in their lifetime.
22.7% of multiracial women report the same.
Rates are also elevated for Black women (19.6%), compared to white women (16.0%) and Latina women (15.2%) (CDC NISVS Report).
These disparities are compounded by systemic racism, underreporting, and bias in legal or campus systems—especially when survivors do not match the public’s expectations of who “counts.”
Disabled and neurodivergent survivors
Stalking also disproportionately affects disabled individuals—including people who are neurodivergent, nonspeaking, or have chronic illness. According to the CDC, women with disabilities are more likely to be stalked, sexually assaulted, or emotionally abused than those without disabilities. Many perpetrators assume disabled people are easier to isolate, discredit, or control.
Survivors with communication differences or cognitive disabilities may be misunderstood, blamed, or overlooked—especially if they react with flat affect, scripting, or shutdown under stress. This is why it is essential to offer support that affirms multiple communication styles, access needs, and neurotypes—not just those considered “typical.”
Stalking in school and work settings
Stalking is common in both academic and professional environments. According to the Stalking Prevention, Awareness, and Resource Center (SPARC), nearly 13% of college women report being stalked—and 1 in 4 of them say the behavior included threats of physical harm.
In the workplace, data shows that some survivors are targeted by colleagues, managers, clients, or others in their professional circles. Because many victims are financially dependent on their jobs, they may fear retaliation or disbelief—especially if the stalker holds power (SPARC).
These statistics are not just numbers. Behind each one is a real person whose daily life was disrupted by fear, surveillance, or intrusion. And many of those survivors never told anyone—not because it was not serious, but because they feared being dismissed or blamed.
Whether stalking involved constant messages, showing up without warning, tampering with privacy, or tracking through digital means—if it made you feel unsafe, your story matters. There is no “right way” to respond, and no one version of what a stalking survivor looks or acts like.
You are not too sensitive. You are not alone. And you deserve safety, support, and peace.
Sources for further reading and support:
SPARC: Stalking Fact Sheet – Key statistics and definitions from the Stalking Prevention, Awareness, and Resource Center.
CDC: Intimate Partner and Sexual Violence Survey – National data on stalking, assault, and partner abuse.
Stalking Prevention, Awareness, and Resource Center – Information on stalking laws, safety planning, and rights by state.
WomensLaw.org: Stalking and Cyberstalking – Legal guidance and protection order information, including how to stay safe online.
National Domestic Violence Hotline – 24/7 support for survivors of stalking and relationship abuse.
Stalking can be committed by anyone. A perpetrator might be a current or former partner, a classmate, a coworker, a supervisor, a neighbor, or even a stranger. Sometimes the person is well-liked or seen as harmless, making it harder for others to believe or recognize the harm they’ve caused. Regardless of how someone appears to others, stalking is defined by behavior—not reputation.
According to the CDC’s National Intimate Partner and Sexual Violence Survey, more than 60% of women and 44% of men who are stalked are targeted by current or former intimate partners. Several reports claim that 80% to 90% of stalkers are men, regardless of the gender of the survivor. This reflects patterns—not absolutes. Gender does not determine someone’s capacity for harm (Safe Horizon).
Different motives, same impact
Some perpetrators stalk to control, punish, or intimidate. Others may be driven by obsession, entitlement, or rejection. Some may use stalking as part of ongoing abuse—including digital monitoring, physical following, or showing up uninvited. Others may insist they mean no harm and are simply trying to “stay in touch” or “clear things up.”
But stalking is not defined by the stalker’s intentions. It is defined by the repeated, unwanted behavior and the distress or fear it causes. Even when it does not include threats or violence, it can deeply disrupt a person’s safety, freedom, and peace of mind.
When stalking is misunderstood
In some cases, stalking behavior is caused not by malice but by confusion or social misunderstanding. People who lack relationship experience, emotional regulation tools, or strong social models may misinterpret boundaries, misread cues, or fixate on others in unhealthy ways.
This can include some individuals with autism, ADHD, or obsessive-compulsive traits—especially if they have limited access to relational education. A person may become overly attached to someone they admire, struggle with rejection, or feel overwhelmed by emotional disconnection. In rare cases, stalking behavior may be part of a psychiatric condition.
But neurodivergence is not an excuse for violating boundaries.
Being autistic or struggling with impulse control does not make someone abusive. Many neurodivergent people work hard to honor consent, respect personal space, and learn the skills needed to navigate relationships safely—often without institutional support. Still, like anyone else, neurodivergent people are capable of causing harm and must be accountable for their actions.
Why accountability matters
Intent does not erase impact. Whether the behavior was calculated, compulsive, or confused, stalking is a serious violation of someone’s autonomy, safety, and freedom. If someone has asked you to stop contacting them, leave them alone, or respect their boundaries—you must stop.
People who cause harm are not beyond growth. But accountability is not the same as punishment. It means acknowledging the harm, respecting the survivor’s needs, and learning new ways to navigate emotion, connection, and conflict. That process may require support—but it always starts with listening, stopping, and changing.
Every survivor deserves safety
Stalking is not romantic. It is not justified by love, longing, or distress. It is a pattern of behavior that causes fear, distress, or emotional disruption. Survivors are not overreacting when they say they feel unsafe. They are responding to a pattern of behavior that deserves to be taken seriously.
Stalking must be prevented—not just punished. That requires education, accountability, and early intervention. And it begins by believing survivors, confronting entitlement, and teaching people what care actually looks like.
Additional resources
Stalking Prevention, Awareness, and Resource Center (SPARC) Awareness campaigns, educational resources, and survivor-centered tools.
Love Is Respect – Understanding Stalking Youth-friendly guidance on recognizing stalking and seeking help.
NeuroClastic – Autistic Experiences with Relationships and Boundaries Community-written resources on learning social norms while affirming neurodivergence.
National Domestic Violence Hotline – Technology Safety Guides for identifying digital stalking and protecting personal data.
Stalking can have serious and lasting effects on a person’s physical, emotional, and social well-being. But like with other forms of gender-based violence, each survivor’s experience is different. Some feel a constant sense of fear or alertness. Others feel numb, confused, or disconnected from the impact. These are all valid responses.
Stalking is more than discomfort or confusion—it is a pattern of unwanted contact, monitoring, or intimidation that disrupts someone’s daily life and sense of safety. It is a pattern of unwanted contact, monitoring, or intimidation that disrupts someone’s life and safety. Whether or not the stalker ever makes physical contact, the harm is real.
The impact of stalking
According to the Stalking Prevention, Awareness, and Resource Center (SPARC), nearly 1 in 3 women and 1 in 6 men in the United States have experienced stalking. The CDC’s National Intimate Partner and Sexual Violence Survey (NISVS) also found that over 1 in 4 women who were stalked developed PTSD as a result.
Survivors of stalking may experience:
Hypervigilance or a persistent sense of being watched
Sleep disturbances, including nightmares or insomnia
Anxiety, panic attacks, or paranoia
Depression or loss of interest in daily life
Difficulty concentrating, memory loss, or executive dysfunction
Social withdrawal and loss of trust in others
Disordered eating or changes in appetite
Physical symptoms such as headaches, stomach pain, or fatigue
Suicidal thoughts or self-harm
A need to move, change routines, or relocate for safety
These are not signs of overreaction. They are common trauma responses to a very real and invasive threat.
School and work-related impacts
Stalking can severely interfere with a survivor’s ability to function in school or at work. According to SPARC, 1 in 8 employed stalking survivors lose work because of the stalking, and 1 in 7 student survivors drop out of school as a result.
At school, stalking can lead to:
Missing classes or skipping school entirely
Anxiety about walking between buildings or seeing the stalker in shared spaces
Falling behind in coursework due to trauma-related symptoms
Feeling unsafe or unsupported—especially when school staff fail to intervene
At work, survivors may:
Avoid certain shifts or meetings to stay out of the stalker’s path
Be targeted through workplace harassment or surveillance
Struggle with concentration, memory, or social interaction
Face retaliation or disbelief when reporting the stalking
Be forced to transfer, reduce hours, or resign altogether
These consequences are often hidden. Survivors may be seen as unreliable or emotionally unstable when they are actually doing everything they can to stay safe and function under pressure.
Reactions others may not understand
Stalking survivors often act in ways that others find confusing or hard to interpret. They may:
Change their story, downplay the threat, or forget key details
Laugh nervously or speak in a flat tone when describing what happened
Remain in contact with the person stalking them
Feel unsure about whether the behavior “counts” as stalking
These are normal trauma responses. When someone is being followed, watched, or manipulated—especially by someone they once trusted—their body and brain may shift into survival mode. That can look like freezing, dissociating, appeasing the stalker (“fawning”), or losing confidence in their own memory. Survivors are often left to navigate complex feelings of fear, guilt, grief, and disbelief—especially when their concerns are dismissed or minimized.
Understanding trauma and neurodivergence
Some survivors are already aware they are neurodivergent before experiencing stalking. For others, trauma brings lifelong patterns into sharper focus—such as sensory sensitivity, executive dysfunction, or nonlinear communication—that may lead to a new understanding of their neurotype.
Still others experience lasting changes after the harm, such as PTSD, dissociation, or hypervigilance. These responses may become a form of acquired neurodivergence—not because the survivor was born neurodivergent, but because their nervous system adapted in order to survive. These changes are just as real, and they deserve the same care and respect.
At the same time, some survivors do not experience trauma-related shifts or identify as neurodivergent at all. That does not make their story any less real. What matters is that every survivor is supported based on what they do experience—not what someone else expects them to.
Some examples of how these experiences may overlap—but come from different places:
Sensory overload may be part of autism, ADHD, or another lifelong neurotype. Trauma can heighten these responses—especially if certain sensations are tied to the harm—but rarely causes brand-new sensory sensitivities unless directly connected to the event.
Delayed speech, flat tone, repetition, or scripting may reflect neurodivergent communication styles—but can also result from dissociation, shutdown, or emotional overload. These patterns often emerge when someone is trying to regulate or make sense of what happened.
Difficulty concentrating after trauma is often linked to hypervigilance—the brain staying on high alert for danger. In ADHD, attention challenges stem from different neurological wiring. Both can happen at once. Both are real. Both deserve support.
When care is not both trauma-informed and neurodiversity-affirming, survivors may be misdiagnosed, dismissed, or retraumatized—especially if their experiences do not fit someone else’s model of healing. Whether someone is navigating a lifelong neurotype, trauma-related adaptations, or both, they deserve support that honors who they are and how they process.
Every survivor deserves care that respects their sensory needs, communication style, and emotional reality—without trying to force them into a recovery model that does not fit.
Every survivor’s story matters
Some heal quickly.
Others carry pain for years.
Some seek help right away.
Others need time, distance, or silence.
Some report.
Others are not sure what to call what happened.
Whatever you felt, feared, or survived—you are not alone.
If you were targeted, monitored, or made to feel unsafe, it matters. You do not have to relive it, prove it, or explain it perfectly to deserve support.
There is no one right way to react to stalking—and no wrong survivor.
What support can look like
At Voicelore, we will offer free, music-based programs for survivors (ages 18 and up) of stalking. Our flagship offering, The Reclaiming, is a yearlong peer support experience where participants can explore healing through singing, songwriting, piano, or music production. No one is required to perform or share. All activities are adapted to meet a wide range of sensory, access, and communication needs.
For those not ready for a full program, The Murmuring provides a gentler entry point—offering informal gatherings, creative check-ins, and a sense of shared space. Whether you are learning to feel safe again, reclaiming your sense of power, or simply looking for people who understand—you are welcome there.
Sources for further reading
Most people think of stalking as something extreme—like following someone in the dark or sending anonymous threats. But many stalking perpetrators operate in more subtle ways: calling or texting excessively, tracking someone’s location, showing up uninvited, or monitoring social media. These actions may not always result in legal consequences—but they still cause serious harm.
According to the Stalking Prevention, Awareness, and Response Center, only about 40% of stalking survivors report the crime to police, and even fewer see the perpetrator face legal action. When survivors do report, their experiences are often minimized. Law enforcement may view the behavior as “annoying but not illegal,” especially if the stalker hasn’t physically attacked them or if they once had a personal relationship.
Even when stalking is taken seriously, prosecutors may decline to file charges. Survivors are sometimes told there isn’t enough evidence to prove intent or that the behavior doesn’t meet the legal threshold for stalking in their state. Inconsistent definitions across jurisdictions make this even harder. As a result, many perpetrators face no consequences, and survivors are left to manage their own safety.
School and workplace response
In college or workplace settings, stalking may be addressed under Title IX, Title VII, or internal conduct codes. But these processes often favor privacy and institutional reputation over survivor protection. Survivors may be asked to provide documentation, attend mediation, or accept vague “no-contact” agreements that do little to stop the behavior.
In practice:
Perpetrators are rarely expelled or fired.
Survivors are often the ones who transfer, take leave, or drop out.
Institutions may claim “there’s nothing we can do” unless the stalker breaks the law—by which point significant harm has already been done.
When stalking is misunderstood or minimized
Some people who engage in stalking behavior do not realize their actions are harmful. This is especially true when social norms or media narratives encourage persistence over respect. Others may struggle with emotional regulation, obsessive tendencies, or confusion around boundaries—not as an excuse, but as context.
Neurodivergence, trauma history, or social differences may play a role, particularly when someone becomes fixated on a person and doesn’t understand how their attention is affecting them. But accountability and care must coexist. Recognizing one’s own patterns and learning respectful boundaries is part of preventing future harm.
Still, many perpetrators do act with intent—choosing to intimidate, surveil, or punish the person they are targeting. These patterns often escalate over time, especially when left unchecked. Some perpetrators are also abusive in other ways, such as through digital harassment, physical violence, or coercive control.
What we believe
Stalking is not harmless. Whether it stems from obsession, entitlement, confusion, or deliberate control, it violates a person’s safety and autonomy.
Some people who stalk others do not recognize their behavior as abuse—especially if they were never taught what healthy connection looks like. But intention does not erase impact. Survivors deserve protection. And those who use fear, persistence, or surveillance to assert control must be held accountable—regardless of what they believed at the time.
At Voicelore, we believe the systems that excuse, romanticize, or ignore stalking must be transformed. We also believe that true prevention starts with education—teaching people how to respect boundaries, accept rejection, and let go without causing harm.
That is why our advocacy branch, The Resounding, will raise awareness and drive cultural change through music—especially in the music industry, schools, and public media. This work will be shaped by both survivors and allies. Together, we will challenge the conditions that allow abuse to continue—and create new ways of speaking, listening, and responding.
The Resounding will include:
Music releases that name harm, reclaim power, and offer healing truths
Tours and showcases that center survivor artistry and collective expression
Soundtracks for action—licensed for use in survivor-led films, PSAs, podcasts, or stage works
K–12 presentations that use music to explore boundaries, self-worth, and healthy relationships
College outreach that blends music and dialogue to support student survivors and challenge institutional silence
Songs that mobilize—written to power movements, petitions, and protests
These efforts will be paired with funding for prevention-focused music education. Through our partnership with Once Upon a Voice—an online studio that teaches singing, songwriting, piano, and music production through a trauma-informed, neurodiversity-affirming lens—Voicelore will support student projects and scholarships that help young people build the confidence, language, and creativity to express themselves and respect others.
Repair is possible—but only when harm is named.
Survivors deserve safety. Communities deserve clarity. And no one should mistake fixation or fear for love.